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Although Homs is a major industrial center, with a population of 900,492 according to 2012 calculations, it is the third largest city in Syria after Aleppo in the north and the capital Damascus in the south.[5] Its large population noticeably influences Syria's religious diversity, often comprised of Arabic-speaking, Sunni Muslims, Alevis, and Christian minorities. In addition to having many historical mosques and churches, the city also contains Krak des Chevaliers, a World Heritage Site, within its wide borders.
Homs first appeared in historical records in the 1st century BC, when the Seleucid Empire ruled. It later became the capital of a kingdom ruled by the Emesa Royal Family, after which the city was named. Originally, the city, which was a worship center for the Syrian-Roman sun god El-Gebal, gained importance in terms of Christianity during the Byzantine Period. Homs was first conquered by the Muslims in the 7th century and made the capital of a region with the same name. During the Islamic Period, Muslim dynasties competing for control of Syria tried to take control of Homs because of the strategic importance of the city in the region. The city began to decline in general under Ottoman control and only regained its former economic importance in the 19th century, with the boom of the city's cotton industry. During the French Mandate of Syria, Homs became a center of uprising. After Syria gained independence in 1946, the city became the center of Baath Party resistance for the first Syrian governments.
